Everything has physics behind it. Especially in our PHYSICS project. Anyways, our five main physics concepts that we learned include: velocity, acceleration, force, potential energy, and mechanical advantage..
Velocity is the rate of covered distance in a direction. To find this, you use the equation:
V=d/t or velocity=distance divided by time.
We used this to find the velocity of one of our marbles that run down an inclined plane. Our inclined plane was 0.09 meters long, and it took 0.2 seconds to roll down. When you plug in the distance and time, you get a velocity of 0.45 meters per second.
Acceleration is the change in velocity due to speeding up or slowing down. The equation for acceleration is:
acceleration= change in velocity over change in time
In our project, we found the acceleration of a marble going down a slope (similar to the one we found for velocity). The velocity of the marble going down was 0.43, and it took 0.16 seconds to roll down, so the acceleration was 2.73 meters per second squared.
Force is the push or pull on an object that causes change in motion. To find force, you use the equation:
F=ma or force= mass times acceleration
We found force in our putter that started our project. The putters mass was 0.0217 kilograms, and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 meters per second squared. Using this equation, we found that the force was 0.213 Newtons.
Potential energy, kinetic energy, and work are all equal to each other. Potential energy is the energy an object has due to its height in a gravitational field, kinetic energy is the energy ad object has due to motion, and work is the amount of energy put into something.
PE=mgh or potential energy= mass times acceleration due to gravity times height
KE=1/2mv^2 or kinetic energy= half times mass time velocity squared
W=Fd or work= force times distance
We found all three throughout our project, but my example will be the work done by our pulley at the end. The force of a marble landing in the cup on one end of the pulley was 0.063, and the distance our flag had to rise was 0.195 meters. So, the work done was about 0.0123 Joules
We definitely had to know mechanical advantage, which is how much easier a simple machine makes something. There are two different mechanical advantages, ideal and real. Ideal mechanical advantage is what the mechanical advantage SHOULD be, but the real mechanical advantage is what it really is, due to outside forces like friction. To find ideal mechanical advantage, you use this equation:
MA= distance of effort divided by distance of load
To find real mechanical advantage, you use this equation:
MA= force of load divided by force of effort
We had found the real mechanical advantage for our lever. Since the force of the load was 0.12 Newtons and the effort force was 0.16 Newtons, our real mechanical advantage was 0.75. There is no unit for mechanical advantage.
Velocity is the rate of covered distance in a direction. To find this, you use the equation:
V=d/t or velocity=distance divided by time.
We used this to find the velocity of one of our marbles that run down an inclined plane. Our inclined plane was 0.09 meters long, and it took 0.2 seconds to roll down. When you plug in the distance and time, you get a velocity of 0.45 meters per second.
Acceleration is the change in velocity due to speeding up or slowing down. The equation for acceleration is:
acceleration= change in velocity over change in time
In our project, we found the acceleration of a marble going down a slope (similar to the one we found for velocity). The velocity of the marble going down was 0.43, and it took 0.16 seconds to roll down, so the acceleration was 2.73 meters per second squared.
Force is the push or pull on an object that causes change in motion. To find force, you use the equation:
F=ma or force= mass times acceleration
We found force in our putter that started our project. The putters mass was 0.0217 kilograms, and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 meters per second squared. Using this equation, we found that the force was 0.213 Newtons.
Potential energy, kinetic energy, and work are all equal to each other. Potential energy is the energy an object has due to its height in a gravitational field, kinetic energy is the energy ad object has due to motion, and work is the amount of energy put into something.
PE=mgh or potential energy= mass times acceleration due to gravity times height
KE=1/2mv^2 or kinetic energy= half times mass time velocity squared
W=Fd or work= force times distance
We found all three throughout our project, but my example will be the work done by our pulley at the end. The force of a marble landing in the cup on one end of the pulley was 0.063, and the distance our flag had to rise was 0.195 meters. So, the work done was about 0.0123 Joules
We definitely had to know mechanical advantage, which is how much easier a simple machine makes something. There are two different mechanical advantages, ideal and real. Ideal mechanical advantage is what the mechanical advantage SHOULD be, but the real mechanical advantage is what it really is, due to outside forces like friction. To find ideal mechanical advantage, you use this equation:
MA= distance of effort divided by distance of load
To find real mechanical advantage, you use this equation:
MA= force of load divided by force of effort
We had found the real mechanical advantage for our lever. Since the force of the load was 0.12 Newtons and the effort force was 0.16 Newtons, our real mechanical advantage was 0.75. There is no unit for mechanical advantage.
This was our first page of calculations:
Second page:
Third page: